The Concordat of 1610 is a formal agreement between the Mi’kmaq and the Vatican marked by the creation of a treaty wampum. 

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The Concordat made the Mi’kmaq Catholic subjects, and therefore legitimized trade and other relations between settlers and Indigenous peoples in Acadia or Mi’kma’ki. Mi’kmaq people continued to practise their own customs but incorporated the teachings of priests who had learned the Mi’kmaq language, entrenching Catholicism into Mi’kmaq spiritual identity.